446
216
460
493
Global fossil fuel demand, Million TJ
Fossil fuel demand is projected to peak before 2030, but the future outlook varies widely.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Peak demand
Scenario range¹
Actuals
McKinsey & Company
Fossil fuel
Natural gas
Oil
Coal
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
~4,400
~4,800
~3,000
~4,200
Global natural gas demand, bcm
Fossil fuel
Natural gas
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
97
106
97
54
Global oil demand,² Mbpd
Oil
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
~6,000
~7,050
~5,800
~1,300
Global coal demand, Mt
Coal
¹
Range between the Achieved commitments and Fading momentum scenarios.
²
Includes biofuels and synfuels.
Source: McKinsey Energy Solutions’ Global Energy Perspective 2023
¹
Range between the Achieved commitments and Fading momentum scenarios.
Source: McKinsey Energy Solutions’ Global Energy Perspective 2023
¹
Range between the Achieved commitments and Fading momentum scenarios.
Source: McKinsey Energy Solutions’ Global Energy Perspective 2023
¹
Range between the Achieved Commitments and Fading Momentum scenarios.
Source: McKinsey Energy Solutions’ Global Energy Perspective 2023
